Francesco Fiumalbi
This report aims to collect documentary and various news coordinate the results of research took place over the years who have had purpose or made reference to the Church of San Saturnino factory on the site of Molino Egola of the Municipality of San Miniato.
Polarity Device systematic organization of the church, from late antiquity to the churches are to play a central role in the organization of settlements and social policy and Tuscany in particular. In that context, the "church" is not just a building, but the core of community structure, especially in areas far from major urban centers.
In this context, well-structured, the church of San Saturnino Factory is set up as main hub at the confluence of the geographic Valdegola with average Valdarno Inferiore. The building had to appear as a small settlement of an emergency situation, the village of Fabbrica. Located in a foothills area, what remains of the building is still detectable in some portions of the walls of a house in today's Egola Molino.
wall portion of the ancient church of San Saturnino
Photo courtesy of Don Luciano Niccolai
The village factory was mentioned for the first time in a parchment of the Archdiocese of Lucca in 770, in which Peredeo, Bishop of Lucca, a record donation of goods carried out in 767 by a priest named Liutprando, son of Pertulo inhabitant Factory (1). The name of the prelate, Liutprando, immediately calls to mind a far more illustrious namesake, the Lombard monarch Liutprando (about 690 - Pavia, January, 744) who was king of the Lombards and King of Italy from 712 until his death (2 ). E 'can be said, therefore, that the establishment of factory was controlled by the Lombards, though the name has a clear Latin origin ( Fabrica, a place where people work, from the Latin faber , working man (3)). Hence, the hypothesis that the first group of settlements are home for its location in the morphology hilly area in the pagus Romans, or administrative-territorial units in those rural areas. The location of this small town, now identified with the site where today there Egola of Molino, at the foot of the hill of Cigoli, in a flat position, not offshore that was clearly more uncomfortable. In Roman times there were no major defensive needs, and Quinctia crossing the road near the Arno valley, completely organized along the lines of centuriazione, that was flat, that flat is not so much about (being slightly raised, and then away flood!), an ideal place to establish an inhabited, although it is not excluded Etruscan seniority at least nearby.
Egola of Molino, the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of "Factory"
Photo by Francesco Fiumalbi
Again, a parchment preserved in the archives of the Archbishop of Lucca, 859 dated Nov. 18, reports the lease of a farmhouse near factory and had been owned by Donald Jew (4).
The church, however, is named for the first only once in the year 867 (5). It is a parchment that records the level of a contract in which the abbess Huidiperga grants Cunerado, son of the case, two homes owned by the monastery of Santa Maria al Corso, located near the church, in Nova site (6), Perhaps the current Villanova (7) near Cigoli.
The parish church of San Saturnino is also mentioned in a charter of 904, which speaks of Plagia spot near the church that probably the current Piaggia (8).
In another important document, dated 907, Peter Bishop of Lucca, appoints Dominic officiating priest in the parish of St. John the Baptist and located in San Saturnino site et finibus Fabrica (9). The combination of St. John the Baptist in San Saturnino, confirms the designation of "church" because it was a church where she was administered the sacrament of baptism. This double dedication was very unusual at the time, staying in the area, the same church of Vico Wallari had just pulled in San Genesio San Giovanni Battista.
The church is also mentioned in a charter of 942, which covers the nearby village of Soffiano (10), located in the countryside near Ontraino.
Del 974 is instead the document issued by the Bishop of Lucca, which enshrines the economic control of the parish church of San Saturnino, the lords of Suggromigno (11). Also known as Dini, this is the first evidence of "feoffment" in the common medium Valdarno Inferiore, indicating the historic turning point in the administrative and military began during the Carolingian period.
No document refers to the date of foundation.
wall portion of the ancient church of San Saturnino
Photo courtesy of Don Luciano Niccolai
In the archival documents relating to the parish as there is a jump, although one should note the first mention of the castle of Cigoli, dated 1086. This testimony is very important in confirming the gradual transition from a settlement foothills to the more easily defensible hilltop. In the name of Castelvecchio memory remains of the fortified settlement at Factory, localization with the current Villa Sonnino (the first group was the property of Griffin). We have the proof of this cambiamento, ormai consolidato, in un documento del 1231, quando viene indicato col termine Ceulae Vecchii (Cigoli Vecchio) il luogo d’origine di Ranieri di Ildebrandino: Acta sunt haec ante hospitium dictae potestatis in Sancto Miniate in presentia, e testimonio supradicti ludicis quondam Guicciardi Malpilii, quondam Rainerii lldebrandini dicti Ceulae Vecchii... (12)
Si passa al 1260, anno dell’Estimo della Diocesi di Lucca (13). La pieve di San Saturnino in Fabbrica è ancora attiva ed ha alle sue dipendenze:
- Ecclesia S. Lucie de Montebicchieri
- Ecclesia S. Petri de Vinosso
- Ecclesia S. Salvatoris de Plagia
- Ecclesia S. Michaelis de Castro de Ceuli
- Ecclesia S. Petri de Guthano
- Ecclesia Ss. Stephanie et Lucie de Scocolino
- Ecclesia Ss. Romani e Mathei de Villa S. Romani
- Ecclesia S. Iacobi de Villa S. Albini
- Ecclesia SS Martini et de Laurenti Villanova
- Ecclesia S. Donati de Mugnano
- Ecclesia S. Marie Magdalene de Puticciano
- Ecclesia S. Petri de Montealto
- Ecclesia S. Marie de Suffiano
- Ecclesia S. Silvestri de Comugnori
- Ecclesia S. Martini de Ventignano
- Ecclesia S. Marie de Fibbiastre
- Monasterium S. Iocunde
- Ecclesia S. Andree de Baculla
Cigoli Castle in 300, was in the middle of fights between San Miniato and Pisa. The latter Cigoli sacked in 1312 and returned there in 1314, led by the mayor Uguccione Faggiola, leaving his castle with a special military garrison. Following the Florentine army freed the castle from Pisa and demanded that it come back in the hands of San Miniato. However, this did not happen. I rebelled against the San Miniato Florence in 1370 and hence the decision to make a small Cigoli autonomous municipality, with jurisdiction over other centers, first conquered by Pisa, which Montebicchieri, and Stibbio Leporaia (14). This situation will continue until 1774 when Cigoli was annexed to the City of San Miniato.
The building which houses a portion of walls of the old parish Factory
Photo by Francesco Fiumalbi
A These military events interweave with those of the parish church of San Saturnino in that factory in 1260 and still plays its role, that role will gradually be reduced in favor of the church of San Michele Cigoli, thanks to the miraculous image of Our Lady, preserved in the oratory of the Virgin company. The thing must be very considerable if the bags Cigoli compares the church of the Santissima Annunziata of Florence and the church Impruneta (15). In 1333, disputes arose between this fraternity and the rector of the church regarding the management of the offerings left by pilgrims: the rector claimed it as a part of the celebrant of the liturgical functions, while the company used them to build a hospital. The controversy continued until the company gave the image of the Virgin and the Oratory of All Saints Humble the brothers in 1335. The people Cigoli did the same with the patronage of the church, and then the recipients of the donation in 1339 founded the convent of Santa Maria (16). The name of the church then became Santa Maria and Michael (17).
armed conflicts, with the consequent destruction, and epidemics of plague that struck several times the population and the formation of a military employee from Florence drastically reduced the number of people allocated to bottom of the hill resort in the factory. To confirm this, we have news that in 1372 the baptismal font was moved from the parish church of San Saturnino Factory in the church of San Michele di Cigoli. Only much Later, as a further consequence of a demographic decline that occurred a long time already, in 1447 the accolades will definitely care Factory, Piaggio and Leporaia (18).
Many bibliographic sources, relying on an inscription in the pedestal, they say that the current font Cigoli is stored at the parish of the original factory. From a purely stylistic does not seem that this fact is so ascertained. The article has a marble composition formally decided later, away from those forms bassomedioevali which can be found in other contemporary pieces. More plausible however, that the inclusion refers to the ideal transfer of ownership of the source, or remember the original source now lost.
The parish church of San Saturnino was also named in memory of the birthplace of recovery, called "Castelvecchio", the father of John, registrar of the municipality of San Miniato in 1394, and perhaps one of the last baptized in San Saturnino (19).
The church remained without Factory "Plebani," and this was investigated for the parish priest Antonio di Cristoforo da San Miniato, during the pastoral visit dated September 1466 (20). Finally, sanctioned the final abandonment of the Factory, the Bull of 20 June 1579, prepared by the Apostolic Delegate Mgr. Guidiccioni, in which the title and the rectory were moved from the church of San Saturnino in the Santa Maria and Michael, obtained approval from their priests, in charge of Peter Usimbardi Cigoli Ludovico Martelli and rector of the factory. With the same document, the Church of Cigoli took the name of St. John the Baptist (21).
Village Factory, as well as the location for the roads, safe from floods, could also count on a direct water supply, in what is now known as Source Lotti, only a portion of which remains.
Source Lotti
Photo by Francesco Fiumalbi
In the period 1946 to 1989 is to be reported the loss of a crenellated tower, demolished around 1960 in a speech demolition and extension, the architectural structure was built after the church and probably was the bell tower. The Dini contains the words of Ms tertile, which owns the building, " us not only rained in, but was also the refuge of all the owls nearby, the builders were unable to demolish "(22). Also on Dini said that in the adjacent fields were discovered during normal cultivation of human bones. This is not surprising since it was customary to bury the dead consolidated around the churches.
Source Lotti
Photo by Francesco Fiumalbi
In 2006, the landslide washed away the soil, formed during the for an investigation, according to the Superintendency for the Archaeological Heritage of Tuscany, in the person of the inspector of the area, Dr. Julius Ciampoltrini, in the parish church of San Saturnino Factory. The measurements and analysis were conducted by Vanni Desideri (23).
The results of these recent excavations, dimensionally confined to a section of about 20 meters, have unearthed the remains of two separate houses, the same type, being part of it inhabited. He kept the floor plan in clay, covered with mounds of material, probably belonging to the roof structure, such as roof tiles and slate. The walls had to be, instead of raw earth. Have been found some pieces of pottery and metal, according to the analysis of desires, should still be functional at the time of the collapse. All this suggests that the destructive event has been rapid, suggesting a fire (accidental or violent?). According to Want, these findings can be dated no later than the thirteenth century, which could suggest a backdating of the decline of the village of Factory (24), whose departure is dated from the mid-fourteenth century.
References:
(1) Mandorlini Fabrizio (ed.), squeaks, and the Virgin Mother of Children, FM Publishing, San Miniato, 2002, p.. 17.
(3) www.etimo.it
(4) Mandorlini, Op Cit., p.. 17.
(5) Stock Archdiocese of Lucca + + H16, in Dini Francesco behind our centuries Publishing Center and Chart, Santa Croce, 1979, p.. 39.
(6) Dini, Op Cit. p.. 74.
(9) Emanuele Repetti, Historical Dictionary of Physical Geography Tuscany , Florence, 1883. See "Buildings in the lower valley of the Arno."
(10) Bertini, Op Cit., Doc. MCCLXXXIX, in Dini, Op Cit., P.. 78.
(11) Bertini, Op. Cit., doc. MCCCCXLVIII, in Dini, Op. Cit., pag. 79.
(12) Bonincontri Laurentii Historia Sicula, in G. Lami, Deliciae eruditorum seu veterum anekdoton opusculorum collectanea, VI, Florentiae 1739, p.157, riportato da Vallini Valerio, http://www.valeriovallini.it
(14) Repetti, Op Cit. See the "Cigoli.
(15) Paolo Morelli, church institutions, in AAVV The hills of San Miniato (Pisa): the nature and history, Supplement No. 1 to vol. 14 (1995) Papers of the Museum of Natural History in Livorno, National Research Council, the Province of Pisa.
(16) Ibid.
(17) Mandorlini, Op Cit., P.. 18.
(18) Vallini Valerio, Op Cit.
(19) Ibid.
(20) Mannari Lelio, Historical News. Our Lady of Cigoli, in The Sunday, July 18, 1965, in Mandorlini, Op Cit., P.. 21.
(21) Mandorlini, Op Cit., P.. 23.
(22) Dini, Op Cit. , p. 40.
(23) Vallini Valerio, Op Cit.
(24) Ibid.
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